Neuropsychology is the study of brain-behavior relationships , which is analogous to behavioral neurology in the field of medicine.

In a neuropsychological evaluation, inferences are made about neural network functioning in a person's brain, which are based upon standardized assessment tools . Neuropsychological assessments assist, teachers, physicians, medical personnel, or the court or other forensic providers in making informed decisions when a brain injury or impairment is at question. These evaluations are done for children, adolescents and adults alike. Levels of impairment to specific functional abilities may be identified behaviorally when the medical imaging studies are inconclusive.